STAB (stands for Same-type attack bonus) is a boost in the base power of a move that has the same type as the Pokémon using the move. This boost increases the damage done by 50%. This boost can become 100% instead when a Pokémon has Adaptability as its natural Ability.

For example, a Fire-type Pokémon using a Fire-type move will gain a 50% boost because the attack is the same element as a Pokémon. STAB does not apply to moves that do a set amount of damage nor ones that do not use the normal damage formula, such as Dragon Rage and Seismic Toss.

Misconceptions

Hidden Power is boss

Normal-type Pokémon

Normal-type Pokémon also receive STAB, contradicting some of Nintendo's strategy guides.

Dual-type Pokémon

Dual-type Pokémon also receive STAB if the move type is the same to one of their types. Therefore, a Pidgey will receive STAB from Aerial Ace and Tackle.